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GCSE Physics Revision

Forces & Motion

Scalars and vectors, resultant forces, Newton's laws, motion graphs, momentum and Hooke's law.

Quick check · one tap
If an object is moving at constant velocity in a straight line, what is the net force on it?

Forces & Motion is a core part of GCSE Physics. Revise the key concepts and common mistakes below, then lock them in with the free games.

Key concepts

ForceA push or a pull, measured in newtons (N)
NewtonThe SI unit of force, symbol N
WeightThe pull of gravity on a mass, in newtons
MassThe amount of matter in an object, in kilograms
Resultant forceThe single force equal to all forces combined
FrictionA contact force that opposes motion
Hooke's lawF = k × e — force is proportional to extension
Spring constant (k)Stiffness of a spring, in N/m
ExtensionHow much a spring stretches from natural length
Elastic PEEnergy stored in a stretched spring: ½ k e²
Terminal velocitySteady falling speed when forces are balanced
Limit of proportionalityPoint where Hooke's law stops working
W = mgWeight equals mass times gravitational field strength
F = maResultant force equals mass times acceleration

What your exam board covers

Where Forces & Motion sits in each exam board's specification. Tap a board to see what it lists.

AQAForcesSpec 8463
  • Forces and their interactions
  • Work done and energy transfer
  • Forces and elasticity
  • Moments, levers and gears (physics only)
  • Pressure and pressure differences in fluids (physics only)
  • Forces and motion
  • Momentum (physics only)

Source: AQA GCSE Physics (8463) specification — Subject content, accessed 23 June 2026.

CCEAUnit 1 — Motion, force, moments, energy, density, kinetic theory, radioactivity, nuclear fission and fusionSpec 1210
  • 1.1 Motion
  • 1.2 Force
  • 1.3 Density and kinetic theory
  • 1.4 Energy
  • 1.5 Atomic and nuclear physics

Source: CCEA GCSE Physics (2017) specification, accessed 9 July 2026.

EdexcelTopic 2 — Motion and forcesSpec 1PH0

Part of: Paper 1 topics

Source: Pearson Edexcel GCSE (9–1) Physics (1PH0) specification, accessed 23 June 2026.

Eduqas/WJECForces and motionSpec C420P (QAN 601/8624/0)
  • Speed, velocity, acceleration and motion graphs
  • Forces, accelerations and Newton's laws of motion
  • Safety in public transport

Source: Eduqas/WJEC GCSE Physics specification (from 2016), accessed 24 June 2026.

Eduqas/WJECForcesSpec C420P (QAN 601/8624/0)
  • Forces and their interactions
  • Pressure and pressure differences in fluids
  • Moments, levers and gears

Source: Eduqas/WJEC GCSE Physics specification (from 2016), accessed 24 June 2026.

OCRP2 ForcesSpec J249
  • P2.1 Motion
  • P2.2 Newton's Laws
  • P2.3 Forces in action

Source: OCR GCSE (9–1) Physics (Gateway A) (J249) specification, accessed 23 June 2026.

Cambridge IGCSEMotion, forces and energySpec 0625
  • Physical quantities and measurement techniques
  • Motion
  • Mass and weight
  • Density
  • Forces
  • Momentum
  • Energy, work and power
  • Pressure

Source: Cambridge IGCSE Physics (0625) syllabus, accessed 23 June 2026.

Edexcel IGCSEForces and motionSpec 4PH1
  • (a) Units
  • (b) Movement and position
  • (c) Forces, movement, shape and momentum

Source: Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Physics (4PH1) specification, accessed 23 June 2026.

Learn Forces & Motion step by step

Free interactive mini-lessons: short screens, worked examples and quick checks. Pick your exam board:

Common mistakes to avoid

Questions where students often pick the tempting wrong answer — make sure you know the right one:

If an object is moving at constant velocity in a straight line, what is the net force on it?✗ There must be a forward force on the object to keep it moving.   ✓ Zero — by Newton's first law, constant velocity requires zero net force.
What is the difference between mass and weight?✗ Mass and weight are the same thing, just expressed in different units.   ✓ Mass is the amount of matter (kg); weight is the gravitational force on that mass (N) and depends on g.
If air resistance is ignored, which falls faster: a heavy ball or a light ball dropped from the same height?✗ Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects because gravity pulls more on them.   ✓ Both fall at the same rate because gravitational acceleration is independent of mass.
When you push a wall, what does Newton's third law say about the wall?✗ The wall only pushes back if your force is strong enough to make it react.   ✓ The wall exerts an equal and opposite force on you at the same instant.
A car is slowing down as it brakes. What is true about its acceleration?✗ It has no acceleration because it is not speeding up.   ✓ It is accelerating — acceleration is any change in velocity, here negative.

Practise Forces & Motion — free games

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More GCSE Physics topics

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