AI STUDY METHOD PRESENTS
REVISION ARCADE
EVERY SUBJECT · EVERY LEVEL · 22 GAMES · COLLECT COINS
▶ ENTER FREE →
◆ INSERT COIN ◆
A-Level Physics Revision

Waves & Quantum

Wave properties, superposition and interference, the photoelectric effect and wave-particle duality.

Quick check · one tap
Do all points on a stationary wave oscillate with the same amplitude?

Waves & Quantum is a core part of A-Level Physics. Revise the key concepts and common mistakes below, then lock them in with the free games.

Key concepts

Transverse & longitudinal wavesVibrations perpendicular (light) or parallel (sound) to travel.
Frequency & wavelengthNumber of waves per second and the length of one wave.
Wave speedv = f × λ, the speed a wave travels.
AmplitudeMaximum displacement from the rest position; relates to energy.
Electromagnetic spectrumRadio to gamma; all travel at the speed of light in a vacuum.
Reflection & refractionWaves bounce off surfaces or change direction when changing medium.
WavelengthDistance between two adjacent identical points.
FrequencyNumber of cycles per second, measured in Hz.
TransverseOscillations perpendicular to wave direction.
LongitudinalOscillations parallel to wave direction.
PolarisationRestricting transverse oscillations to one plane.
Refractive indexn = c / v in the medium.
Snell's lawn1 sin theta1 = n2 sin theta2.
Critical angleAngle giving theta2 = 90°: sin theta_c = n2/n1.

What your exam board covers

Where Waves & Quantum sits in each exam board's specification. Tap a board to see what it lists.

AQAWavesSpec 7408
  • Progressive and stationary waves
  • Refraction, diffraction and interference

Source: AQA A-level Physics (7408) specification — Subject content, accessed 23 June 2026.

Learn Waves & Quantum step by step

Free interactive mini-lessons: short screens, worked examples and quick checks. Pick your exam board:

Common mistakes to avoid

Questions where students often pick the tempting wrong answer — make sure you know the right one:

Do all points on a stationary wave oscillate with the same amplitude?✗ Yes — amplitude is constant along the wave, as in a progressive wave.   ✓ No — amplitude varies from zero at the nodes to a maximum at the antinodes.
When a wave refracts into a new medium, which property stays the same?✗ The wavelength stays the same and the frequency changes.   ✓ The frequency — the speed and wavelength change together.
Can sound waves be polarised?✗ Yes — any wave can be polarised with the right filter.   ✓ No — polarisation applies only to transverse waves, and sound is longitudinal.
Which type of wave can be polarised?✗ Longitudinal waves only   ✓ Transverse waves only
At a node on a stationary wave:✗ The amplitude is at its maximum.   ✓ The displacement is always zero.

Practise Waves & Quantum — free games

Test yourself with these quick revision games for this topic:

See all 22 games in the Revision Arcade →

More A-Level Physics topics

Cover of 100 AI Prompts for A-Level Physics
Free · PDF
100 AI Prompts for A-Level Physics

Print-and-paste prompts built around the Velvet Method, so ChatGPT tests your thinking instead of doing it for you.

Download free PDF →All 91 free prompt books

← All revision guides

Want to revise every topic this smart?

The Velvet Method shows you how to use AI to revise any subject, in six steps.

See the Velvet Method →