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A-Level Physics Revision

Oscillations

Simple harmonic motion, resonance and damping.

Quick check · one tap
In simple harmonic motion, where is acceleration greatest?

Oscillations is a core part of A-Level Physics. Revise the key concepts and common mistakes below, then lock them in with the free games.

Key concepts

Simple harmonic motionAcceleration is proportional to displacement and directed to the centre.
Restoring forceA force always directed back to the equilibrium position.
Amplitude & periodMaximum displacement and the time for one oscillation.
Angular frequencyω = 2πf, linking frequency to the motion.
DampingLoss of energy reducing the amplitude over time.
ResonanceLarge amplitude when driven at the natural frequency.
Free oscillationAt natural frequency, no damping.
Light dampingSlow exponential amplitude decay.
Critical dampingFastest return without overshoot.
ForcedExternal periodic driver applied.
Hooke's lawF = −k x; restores towards equilibrium.
Mass-spring TT = 2π √(m/k).
Pendulum TT = 2π √(L/g) for small swings.
Small angle limitsin θ ≈ θ; needed for pendulum SHM.

What your exam board covers

Where Oscillations sits in each exam board's specification. Tap a board to see what it lists.

EdexcelOscillationsSpec 9PH0
  • Simple harmonic motion
  • Energy in oscillations
  • Free, forced oscillations, resonance and damping

Source: Pearson Edexcel A-Level Physics (9PH0) specification, accessed 23 June 2026.

Learn Oscillations step by step

Free interactive mini-lessons: short screens, worked examples and quick checks. Pick your exam board:

Common mistakes to avoid

Questions where students often pick the tempting wrong answer — make sure you know the right one:

In simple harmonic motion, where is acceleration greatest?✗ It stays constant throughout the motion.   ✓ At maximum displacement; it is zero at the equilibrium position.
Does a simple pendulum's period depend on the mass of the bob?✗ Yes, a heavier bob gives a longer period.   ✓ No — for small swings it depends on length and g, not mass.
Where is the restoring force largest in SHM?✗ At the centre of the motion.   ✓ At maximum displacement; it is zero at equilibrium.

Practise Oscillations — free games

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