Growth of a global industry

Mass tourism grew into a global industry through developments in transport, rising disposable incomes, package holidays and internet access.

It brings positive social and economic impacts (jobs, income, cultural exchange, infrastructure). Tourist demands and resorts change over time, described by the Pleasure Periphery (tourism reaching ever more distant places) and the Butler Model of the resort life cycle: exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, then decline or rejuvenation.

Reading the Butler Model

Calculate — change in arrivals

Calculate — tourism multiplier

Impacts and management

Mass tourism creates challenges: pollution, overcrowding, pressure on honeypot sites, threats to social sustainability and competition for resources (water, land).

You must evaluate strategies to reduce the negative social and environmental impacts, using a tourism management policy at the national or regional scale (for example Mallorca), treated qualitatively.

Sort the impact of tourism

Tap an impact, then tap its type.

A honeypot site

Benefits, impacts and regulation

Ecotourism is responsible, low-impact travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and benefits local people. It can bring social, economic and environmental benefits - but also negative impacts:

• Social - displacement of local communities, threats to indigenous cultures.
• Economic - leakage of profits abroad.
• Environmental - greenwashing and damage to fragile environments.

Regulation is difficult; measures include the Quebec Declaration, the Global Ecotourism Conference 2007, the Green Globe Scheme and UNESCO World Heritage Sites. CCEA uses a case study (for example Costa Rica or Belize), treated qualitatively.

Match the tourism term

Tap an item on the left, then its matching partner on the right.

Economic leakage

Greenwashing

The big ideas to know

You have covered A2 2 Option D. Press Finish for your score.