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CCEA A-level Geography ยท AS 3 ยท Fieldwork Skills and Techniques
Mini-Lesson

Fieldwork Skills and Techniques

This mini-lesson covers AS 3 โ€” Fieldwork Skills and Techniques: framing a geographical question or hypothesis, planning safely, choosing sampling methods, collecting primary and secondary data, presenting and analysing it with the right statistics, and drawing and evaluating conclusions.

Answer each question to unlock the next screen and collect โญ stars. Press Start to begin.

The enquiry process

Questions, hypotheses and safety

Good fieldwork starts by identifying a clear geographical question, issue or hypothesis arising from Units 1 or 2, then selecting appropriate sources and methods.

Risk assessment is essential: identify hazards, plan strategies to avoid accident or injury, and prepare contingencies for the field. CCEA also requires a word-processed summary statement (about 100 words: location and aims/hypotheses) and a table of primary data that statistical and graphical techniques can be applied to.

Quick check

A testable hypothesis

?Which of the following is best written as a testable hypothesis for fieldwork?
Sampling

Choosing a sampling method

Sampling lets you study a manageable part of a population. CCEA lists:

  • Random โ€” every item has an equal chance (random numbers); avoids bias but may miss areas.
  • Systematic โ€” at regular intervals (every 10th person, quadrats every 5 m).
  • Stratified โ€” the sample is split to represent known subgroups in proportion.
  • Pragmatic, and point, line or quadrat sampling for spatial surveys.

You must be able to choose, justify and evaluate a method for a given investigation.

Calculate

Calculate โ€” systematic interval

1You want a systematic sample of 25 people from a population of 200 shoppers. Calculate the sampling interval (survey every nth person).
th person
Hint: interval = population รท sample size = 200 รท 25.
Calculate

Calculate โ€” Spearman's rank

2For a Spearman's rank correlation with n = 8 pairs and Σd² = 20, calculate r‑s using r‑s = 1 − (6Σd²) รท (n(n²−1)). Give your answer to 2 decimal places.
rs
Hint: n(n²−1) = 8 ร— 63 = 504; 6 ร— 20 = 120; r‑s = 1 − (120 รท 504).
Sort it

Sort the sampling method

Tap a description, then tap the method.

๐ŸŽฒ Random

๐Ÿ“ Systematic

๐Ÿงฉ Stratified

Quick check

Reading Spearman's rank

?A Spearman's rank result of r-s = +0.76 suggests:
Presenting and analysing

Presentation and statistics

Present data with appropriate techniques following geographical conventions (title, key, scale, frame, direction arrow): dot, flow-line, choropleth and isoline maps; scatter, line, bar, pie, proportional and triangular graphs, plus GIS.

Analyse with the right statistic: mean, median, mode, range, Spearman rank correlation and nearest neighbour analysis (and, at A2 only, chi-squared and location quotient).

Match it

Match the statistic to its use

Tap an item on the left, then its matching partner on the right.

Statistic
What it measures
Quick check

Choosing a graph

?You have collected the percentages of sand, silt and clay in several soil samples (three components summing to 100%). Which graph is designed for this?
Conclusions and evaluation

Drawing and evaluating conclusions

Finally, describe, analyse, interpret your evidence, draw conclusions that answer the original question, and honestly evaluate your methods and the limitations of your data (sampling size and bias, accuracy, reliability, anomalies).

Exam tip: a good evaluation says what you would change and why - larger samples, repeat readings, better instruments - and how that would improve validity.

Quick check

A good evaluation

?Which is the strongest evaluative point about a fieldwork investigation?
Recap

The big ideas to know

Enquiry: testable question/hypothesis; risk assessment; 100-word summary + primary data table

Sampling: random, systematic, stratified, pragmatic, point/line/quadrat - justify and evaluate

Presentation: dot/flow/choropleth/isoline maps; scatter/bar/pie/proportional/triangular graphs; GIS

Statistics: mean, median, mode, range, Spearman rank, nearest neighbour (A2: chi-squared, location quotient)

Conclusions: answer the question, then evaluate methods and limitations

You have covered the whole of AS 3 Fieldwork. Press Finish for your score.

๐Ÿ†

Mini-lesson complete!

โญโญโญ

You have worked through Fieldwork Skills and Techniques for CCEA A-level Geography. ๐ŸŽ‰

Your stars: 0 / 0

Next: test yourself in the Evaluate stage Confidence Quiz, then lock it in with Verify.

๐Ÿ“ฃ Smashed it? Share your score

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