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A-Level Chemistry Revision

Bonding & Structure

Ionic, covalent and metallic bonding, shapes of molecules, electronegativity and intermolecular forces.

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When water boils, what is broken?

Bonding & Structure is a core part of A-Level Chemistry. Revise the key concepts and common mistakes below, then lock them in with the free games.

Key concepts

Ionic bondingElectrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a giant lattice.
Covalent bondingA shared pair of electrons between non-metal atoms.
Metallic bondingAttraction between metal ions and delocalised electrons.
Simple molecularSmall molecules with weak intermolecular forces; low melting points.
Giant structuresGiant ionic, covalent or metallic lattices with high melting points.
Intermolecular forcesWeak forces between molecules that affect melting and boiling points.
ElectronegativityAn atom's ability to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

What your exam board covers

Where Bonding & Structure sits in each exam board's specification. Tap a board to see what it lists.

AQABondingSpec 7405

Part of: Physical chemistry

Source: AQA A-level Chemistry (7405) specification — Subject content, accessed 23 June 2026.

EdexcelBonding and structureSpec 9CH0
  • Topic 2: Bonding and Structure

Source: Pearson Edexcel A-Level Chemistry (9CH0) specification, accessed 23 June 2026.

Learn Bonding & Structure step by step

Free interactive mini-lessons: short screens, worked examples and quick checks. Pick your exam board:

Other boards:CCEAEduqas/WJECOCR

Common mistakes to avoid

Questions where students often pick the tempting wrong answer — make sure you know the right one:

When water boils, what is broken?✗ The covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms are broken when water boils.   ✓ Intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonds) between water molecules are broken — the O-H covalent bonds stay intact.

Practise Bonding & Structure — free games

Test yourself with these quick revision games for this topic:

▶ Two Truths, One Lie▶ Reveal Race▶ Connections Grid▶ Falling Words▶ Word Web

See all 22 games in the Revision Arcade →

More A-Level Chemistry topics

Atomic Structure & AmountsEnergetics & ThermodynamicsKinetics & EquilibriaRedox & ElectrochemistryPeriodicity & InorganicOrganic ChemistrySpectroscopy & Analysis
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Teaching A-Level Chemistry? Free interactive lessons to set as class work, homework or cover. No student login. AQA · Edexcel