← Back to subjects
0
AQA GCSE Maths (8300) · Ratio, Proportion & Rates of Change
Mini-Lesson

Ratio, Proportion & Rates of Change

This mini-lesson covers the Ratio, proportion & rates of change strand of AQA GCSE Maths (8300): ratio, direct & inverse proportion, percentages & compound interest, the speed / density / pressure formulae, and growth & decay.

speed = distance ÷ timeone part = total ÷ (sum of parts)  ·  new = original × multiplier

These games test recall of facts, formulae and methods — not full multi-step working. Answer the questions as you go and collect ⭐ stars. Press Start when you're ready.

Ratio

Sharing in a ratio

To divide a quantity in a ratio, add the parts to find the total number of parts, then find one part:

one part = total ÷ (sum of parts)then multiply up for each share
Worked example

Share £416 in the ratio 5 : 3.

Total parts = 5 + 3 = 8, so one part = 416 ÷ 8 = £52

Shares: 5 × 52 = £260 and 3 × 52 = £156  (check: 260 + 156 = 416 ✓)

Always check your shares add back to the original total — a quick way to catch arithmetic slips.

Calculate

Your turn — sharing in a ratio

1£240 is shared between Amy and Ben in the ratio 3 : 5. How much does Ben receive?
£
Hint: 8 parts total, one part = 240 ÷ 8 = 30. Ben has 5 parts.
Direct proportion

Direct proportion

Two quantities are in direct proportion when one is a fixed multiple of the other — double one, you double the other. Use the unitary method: find the value of one, then scale up.

Worked example

5 pens cost £3.50. How much do 8 pens cost?

One pen: 3.50 ÷ 5 = £0.70

Eight pens: 0.70 × 8 = £5.60

Tip: "y varies directly as x" means y = kx for a constant k. Find k from the first pair, then use it.

Calculate

Your turn — direct proportion

24 identical books weigh 900 g in total. What is the mass of 7 of these books?
g
Hint: one book = 900 ÷ 4 = 225 g, then × 7.
Inverse proportion

Inverse proportion

In inverse proportion, as one quantity goes up, the other goes down — their product stays constant.

y = k ÷ x  ⇔  xy = kmore workers → less time; the total work (product) is fixed
Worked example

3 painters take 8 days. How long for 4 painters (same rate)?

Total work = 3 × 8 = 24 painter-days.

With 4 painters: 24 ÷ 4 = 6 days

Direction check: more painters should take fewer days. If your answer went up, you've used direct proportion by mistake.

Calculate

Your turn — inverse proportion

36 machines fill an order in 10 hours. How many hours would 5 machines take (working at the same rate)?
hours
Hint: total work = 6 × 10 = 60 machine-hours, then ÷ 5.
Percentages

Percentage change with multipliers

The quickest way to increase or decrease is a multiplier:

new = original × multiplierincrease by 15% → ×1.15  ·  decrease by 15% → ×0.85
Worked example — reverse percentage

A sofa costs £360 after a 20% discount. Original price?

£360 is 80% of the original → multiplier = 0.80

original = 360 ÷ 0.80 = £450

The classic trap: reverse percentage is not "just add the 20% back". You must divide by the multiplier to undo the change.

Calculate

Your turn — reverse percentage

4In a sale, a jacket is reduced by 25% to £60. What was the original price?
£
Hint: £60 is 75% of the original, so 60 ÷ 0.75.
Compound interest & growth/decay

Compound interest, growth & decay

With compound interest the change is applied repeatedly, each year on the new total. Use the multiplier raised to a power:

amount = P × (multiplier)ⁿP = starting amount · n = number of years
Worked example — interest

£1000 invested at 5% compound interest for 3 years.

Multiplier = 1.05 → 1000 × 1.05³

1.05³ = 1.157625 → £1157.63 (2 d.p.)

Depreciation / decay works the same way but with a decrease multiplier — a car losing 15% per year uses ×0.85 each year.

Calculate

Your turn — compound interest

5£2000 is invested at 10% compound interest for 2 years. What is the total amount after 2 years?
£
Hint: 2000 × 1.10² = 2000 × 1.21.
Compound measures

Speed, density & pressure

These are compound measures — a rate of one quantity per another. Learn the formula triangles:

speed = distance ÷ timedensity = mass ÷ volume  ·  pressure = force ÷ area
D S T cover the oneyou want
Cover S → D over T; cover D → S × T; cover T → D over S.

Watch the units: speed in km/h needs distance in km and time in hours. Convert minutes to hours first (30 min = 0.5 h).

Calculate

Your turn — speed

6A car travels 150 km in 2 hours. Work out its average speed in km/h.
km/h
Hint: speed = distance ÷ time = 150 ÷ 2.
Calculate

Your turn — density

7A block has mass 240 g and volume 30 cm³. Work out its density in g/cm³.
g/cm³
Hint: density = mass ÷ volume = 240 ÷ 30.
Quick check

Pick the multiplier

?Which multiplier decreases an amount by 12%?
Quick check

Growth or decay?

?A population grows by 3% each year. Which expression gives the population after 4 years, starting from P?
Match game

Match: measure ⇄ formula

Tap a quantity on the left, then its correct formula on the right.

Sort it

Increase or decrease multiplier?

A multiplier above 1 increases an amount; a multiplier below 1 decreases it. Tap a multiplier, then the box it belongs in.

⬆️ Increase

⬇️ Decrease

Recap

The whole Ratio, Proportion & Rates strand

Ratio: one part = total ÷ (sum of parts), then scale up.

Direct proportion: unitary method — find one, then multiply.

Inverse proportion: product stays constant (xy = k); more → less.

Percentages: multipliers; reverse percentage = ÷ multiplier.

Compound interest & decay: P × (multiplier)ⁿ.

Compound measures: speed = d ÷ t, density = m ÷ V, pressure = F ÷ A.

You've covered every Ratio, Proportion & Rates of Change sub-topic in AQA 8300. Press Finish to see your score.

🏆

Mini-lesson complete!

⭐⭐⭐

You've worked through Ratio, Proportion & Rates of Change for AQA GCSE Maths (8300). 🎉

Your stars: 0 / 0

Next: test yourself in the Evaluate stage Confidence Quiz, then lock it in with Verify.

📣 Smashed it? Share your score

Challenge a mate to beat your stars, or show a parent how you got on.

→ Back to all subjects