Business Activity & Enterprise is a core part of GCSE Business Studies. Revise the key concepts and common mistakes below, then lock them in with the free games.
Key concepts
AimsLong-term general goals giving direction; e.g. 'be the leading UK organic food retailer'.
ObjectivesSpecific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound (SMART) targets that operationalise aims.
Profit maximisationAim to make as much profit as possible; classical assumption but rarely sole goal in modern firms.
SurvivalCommon short-term aim for start-ups and during economic downturns; focuses on cash flow over profit.
Social objectivesGoals beyond profit: ethical sourcing, environmental sustainability; e.g. Patagonia's '1% for the Planet'.
Stakeholder vs shareholderShareholder model (Friedman 1970) prioritises owners; stakeholder model considers customers, staff, suppliers, community.
Limited liabilityOwners only lose what they invested in the business
Private LtdShares sold privately, not on the stock market
Public PLCShares sold publicly on the stock exchange
FranchiseRight to trade under another firm's brand and system
CrowdfundingMany people give small sums via online platforms
Angel investorWealthy individual investing for a share of equity
StakeholderAny group affected by or affecting the business
ShareholderOwner of one or more shares in a company
What your exam board covers
Where Business Activity & Enterprise sits in each exam board's specification. Tap a board to see what it lists.
Cambridge IGCSEUnderstanding business activitySpec 0450
Questions where students often pick the tempting wrong answer — make sure you know the right one:
Do all businesses aim only to maximise profit?✗ Yes, profit is every business's only goal.✓ No — aims vary: survival, growth, market share, social aims.
Does a sole trader have limited liability?✗ Yes, sole traders have limited liability.✓ No — sole traders have unlimited liability for business debts.
What is limited liability?✗ Limited liability means the company has limited debts it can take on.✓ Shareholders' personal assets are protected if the company fails — they can only lose the amount they invested, not their personal wealth.
What is a franchise?✗ A franchise is when a business owns multiple branches itself.✓ An arrangement where a franchisor grants a franchisee the right to use their brand, products and systems in exchange for fees and a share of revenue.
Practise Business Activity & Enterprise — free games
Test yourself with these quick revision games for this topic:
