Whole infinitive + one set of endings

The future keeps the entire infinitive and adds these endings — the same for -ar, -er and -ir verbs. Note the accents on every form except nosotros:

The whole infinitive stays: hablaré, not hablé — the ending is bolted onto hablar. This is what makes the future so regular for the endings.

Will speak

Same stem, "imperfect-style" endings

The conditional uses the same base (the infinitive, or the irregular stem) but adds the endings -ía / -ías / -ía / -íamos / -íais / -ían — every form carries an accent on the í:

Use it for: "would" statements and polite requests — Yo que tú, estudiaría más ("If I were you, I'd study more"); ¿Podrías ayudarme? ("Could you help me?").

Your turn — the future

Twelve stems that both tenses share

A set of common verbs use a modified stem instead of the plain infinitive — and, crucially, the same irregular stem works for both future and conditional. Learn the stem once, use it twice:

Add the same endings: future tendré, pondré, diré, haré…; conditional tendría, pondría, diría, haría…

Pick the right form

Your turn — the conditional

Match the infinitive to its stem

Tap an infinitive on the left, then its future/conditional stem on the right.

Future perfect & conditional perfect

Stack an auxiliary on a participle and you climb one step further. Both use the irregular participles you already know:

• Future perfect = habré / habrás / habrá… + participle = "will have done": Para el lunes ya habré terminado ("By Monday I will have finished").
• Conditional perfect = habría / habrías / habría… + participle = "would have done": Yo habría ido ("I would have gone").

Exam gold: a well-placed habría ido or habré terminado instantly signals IB-level control of the compound tenses.

Would speak — the conditional

Your turn — irregular future

Which verbs keep the plain infinitive?

Most verbs simply keep the whole infinitive as the stem; only the twelve on the list swap to a shortened stem. Spotting which is which is half the battle:

• hablar → hablar-, comer → comer-, vivir → vivir- — regular, unchanged.
• tener → tendr-, hacer → har-, poder → podr- — irregular, shortened.

Watch out: the endings never change — only the stem does. tendré and hablaré take the identical -é.

Regular stem or irregular stem?

Sort each verb by whether its future/conditional stem is the plain infinitive or a shortened irregular.

Irregular future stem

Your turn — irregular conditional

The future for guessing about "now"

A neat idiom: the future can express a guess or probability about the present — "must be / probably is":

• Serán las tres. = "It must be about three o'clock."
• ¿Quién será? = "Who can that be?" (I wonder who it is.)
• Tendrá unos cuarenta años. = "He must be about forty."

The conditional does the same for the past: Serían las tres cuando llegó = "It must have been about three when he arrived."

The future of probability

What "would have" looks like

Combine habría with a participle to say what would have happened — often in response to a past hypothesis:

• Yo habría ido a la fiesta. = "I would have gone to the party."
• Habríamos ganado con más tiempo. = "We would have won with more time."
• Ella habría dicho la verdad. = "She would have told the truth."

Auxiliary is irregular too: haber uses the stem habr- → conditional habría, future habré.

Would have gone

Your turn — future perfect

Your future & conditional toolkit

Cluster 3 turns to the machinery of reference: pronouns in depth. Press Finish.