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Cambridge IGCSE Religious Studies (0490) · Christianity · C2.4 The Bible as a source of moral principles · C6.1 Religion and social action
Mini-Lesson

Christianity: The Teachings of Jesus

This mini-lesson covers the teachings of Jesus as the 0490 syllabus uses them: the Beatitudes and the Ten Commandments as sources of moral principles, the Two Greatest Commandments, agape love, forgiveness, and teaching on wealth, poverty and service of others.

Love God Love neighbour Live it out the Two Greatest Commandments hold the rest together

Work through each screen, answer the questions as you go and collect ⭐ stars. Religious Studies asks you to know beliefs and teachings accurately and to evaluate them fairly, so watch for the screens that set out a range of views. Press Start when you're ready.

Teaching · the Sermon on the Mount

The Beatitudes

The syllabus names the Beatitudes as a source of Christian moral principles. They open the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:3–12) and each begins 'Blessed are…'.

  • Blessed are the poor in spirit, those who mourn, the meek.
  • Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, the merciful, the pure in heart.
  • Blessed are the peacemakers (Matthew 5:9) and those persecuted for righteousness.

Key idea: the Beatitudes turn worldly values upside down. They describe the character of someone living under God's rule, not a list of rules to tick off.

Quick check

The greatest commandment

1When Jesus is asked which commandment is the greatest, what does he reply?
Teaching · prayer

The Lord's Prayer

Jesus taught his followers how to pray (Matthew 6:5–15). The Lord's Prayer is named in the 0490 syllabus and is used in almost every Christian tradition.

  • It begins with God — 'hallowed be your name', 'your kingdom come'.
  • It asks for daily needs — 'give us this day our daily bread'.
  • It ties forgiveness received to forgiveness given — 'forgive us our sins as we forgive those who sin against us'.

Jesus also warns against showy prayer 'to be seen by others' — prayer is for God, not for an audience.

Quick check

Agape

2The syllabus uses the Greek word agape. What does it mean?
Teaching · the heart of the law

The Two Greatest Commandments

Asked which commandment is greatest, Jesus answers with two (Mark 12:28–34):

Love God · Love your neighboureverything else in the law and the prophets hangs on these two

For Christians this is the summary of the whole moral life. The 0490 syllabus links it directly to agape — unconditional, self-giving love — and to service of others through personal giving of time, work and money.

Sort it

What is this teaching about?

Tap a teaching, then tap the theme it belongs to.

❤️ Love of neighbour

🙏 Prayer & worship

💰 Money & possessions

Teaching · parables

Who is my neighbour?

In the Parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25–37) a man is left beaten by the roadside. A priest and a Levite pass by; a Samaritan — a member of a group despised by the man's own community — stops and cares for him at his own expense.

Jesus' point is deliberately uncomfortable: your 'neighbour' is not just the person like you. Christian charities such as Christian Aid, Tearfund and Caritas often point to this parable as their motivation.

Quick check

The Good Samaritan

3Why is it significant that the rescuer in the parable is a Samaritan?
Teaching · forgiveness

Forgiveness without limits

Peter asks how many times he must forgive; Jesus' answer, and the Parable of the Unforgiving Servant (Matthew 18:21–35), make the point that forgiveness is not to be rationed.

  • A servant is forgiven an enormous debt — then refuses to forgive a tiny one.
  • The lesson: those who have received God's mercy must show mercy.
  • In the Sermon on the Mount Jesus goes further still — love your enemies (Matthew 5:38–48).

Evaluation: Christians disagree about how far this goes. Pacifists take it as an absolute; others argue that forgiveness is personal and does not remove the state's duty to protect the innocent.

Quick check

The Beatitudes

4Which of these is one of the Beatitudes in Matthew 5?
Teaching · wealth

Wealth, poverty and the Kingdom

Jesus teaches that you cannot serve both God and money (Matthew 6:24–34), and tells a rich young man to sell what he has and give to the poor (Matthew 19:16–30).

In the parable of the Sheep and the Goats (Matthew 25:31–46) people are judged by whether they fed the hungry, welcomed the stranger and visited the prisoner — 'whatever you did for one of the least of these, you did for me'.

Not all Christians read this the same way. Some see a call to voluntary poverty; most see a call to generosity, simplicity and justice rather than to give away literally everything.

Match it

Key terms in the teaching of Jesus

Tap a term on the left, then its meaning on the right.

Term
Meaning
Sources of authority

Requirements and restrictions

The 0490 syllabus asks you to treat the Bible as a source of moral principles with requirements (things Christians should do) and restrictions (things they should not do). The two set texts are:

  • The Ten Commandments — e.g. do not murder, do not steal, do not bear false witness (restrictions); honour your father and mother, keep the Sabbath (requirements).
  • The Beatitudes — a picture of the character God blesses.

Exam habit: if a question says 'with reference to Christian teaching', quote or accurately paraphrase one of these, and name it.

Quick check

Forgiveness

5What is the point of the Parable of the Unforgiving Servant (Matthew 18:21–35)?
Application

Turning teaching into action

Cambridge is interested in how belief is 'reflected in practice'. Jesus' teaching shapes Christian life through:

  • Giving — time, work and money; many Christians give regularly to their church and to charity.
  • Stewardship — the belief that humans care for the Earth on God's behalf.
  • Organisations — Tearfund, Caritas and Christian Aid, motivated by teaching about love of neighbour.
Quick check

Evaluation

6Which of these is the strongest evaluative point about applying Jesus' teaching on wealth today?
Evaluation

Weighing the teachings

Strong 0490 evaluation answers on Jesus' teaching usually turn on one of these tensions:

  • Ideal or rule? Is 'turn the other cheek' a literal instruction, or an ideal that shapes attitudes?
  • Charity or justice? Is giving to the poor enough, or does love of neighbour demand changing the systems that keep people poor?
  • Then or now? How far can teaching given in first-century Galilee be applied directly to modern life?

You may also bring in non-religious views — a humanist may share the ethic of compassion while rejecting its religious basis. That contrast earns credit.

Recap

The big ideas to know

Two Greatest Commandments: Love God; love your neighbour (Mark 12:28–34)

Beatitudes: Matthew 5:3–12 — the character God blesses

Lord's Prayer: Matthew 6:5–15 — God first, daily needs, forgiveness

Neighbour: The Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25–37) — even the outsider

Forgiveness: The Unforgiving Servant (Matthew 18:21–35); love your enemies

Wealth: Matthew 6:24–34; 19:16–30; Sheep and Goats (Matthew 25:31–46)

You have covered the moral teaching Cambridge 0490 sets in C2.4 and C6.1. Press Finish to see your score.

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